Thai sweet basil, also known as “horapha” or “bai horapa” in Thai, is a popular herb used in Thai cuisine. It belongs to the basil family (Lamiaceae) and is known for its sweet, slightly spicy, and licorice-like flavor. Thai sweet basil is different from the more common Italian sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and has distinctive characteristics that make it a key ingredient in many Thai dishes.

Key features of Thai sweet basil:

Flavor: Thai sweet basil has a sweet, anise-like flavor with a hint of peppery spiciness. Its flavor profile is unique and adds depth to Thai dishes.
Appearance: The leaves of Thai sweet basil are medium to dark green, often slightly serrated, and have a shiny, smooth texture. They are typically smaller and more narrow than Italian basil leaves.
Aroma: The leaves emit a fragrant and aromatic scent when crushed, which is a hallmark of basil varieties.
Culinary Uses: Thai sweet basil is a staple in Thai cuisine and is used in various dishes, including curries, stir-fries, soups, and salads. It is often added at the last moment of cooking to preserve its fresh flavor and aroma.
Popular Dishes: Some famous Thai dishes that prominently feature Thai sweet basil include Thai basil chicken (Pad Krapow Gai), Thai basil shrimp (Pad Krapow Goong), and green curry (Gaeng Keow Wan), among others.
Thai sweet basil is a crucial ingredient in Thai cuisine, contributing to the unique and vibrant flavors that characterize Thai dishes. It is often used alongside other aromatic herbs like Thai holy basil (bai krapow) and cilantro to create a harmonious blend of flavors in Thai recipes.

Best Planting Time	You may plant Thai sweet basil during any time of the year especially off the cold season.
Marturity	Thai sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora) is a relatively fast-growing herb, and you can start harvesting its leaves within a few weeks to a couple of months after planting, depending on the growing conditions and methods. Here's a general timeline for harvesting Thai sweet basil: Germination (1-2 weeks): Thai sweet basil seeds typically germinate within 7 to 14 days when planted in well-draining soil, kept consistently moist, and provided with sufficient warmth (around 70-75°F or 21-24°C). You can start with seeds or seedlings purchased from a nursery or garden center. Seedling Stage (2-3 weeks): As the seedlings develop, they will produce their first true leaves. At this point, they can be transplanted to their final growing location or thinned if you've sown multiple seeds in the same pot or tray. Established Plants (6-8 weeks): Thai sweet basil will continue to grow and mature. You can start harvesting leaves when the plants are about 6 to 8 weeks old and have several sets of mature leaves. When harvesting, always pinch or cut the leaves just above a pair of leaves or a leaf node. This encourages bushier growth. Continuous Harvest: Thai sweet basil is an annual plant, but it can provide a continuous harvest throughout the growing season if you continue to prune it regularly. Harvest leaves as needed, but avoid removing more than one-third of the plant at a time to ensure it keeps producing new growth. Keep in mind that the actual timing of harvesting can vary based on factors like temperature, sunlight, soil quality, and the specific variety of Thai sweet basil you are growing. Regularly monitoring the growth of your plants and harvesting when the leaves are of desirable size and flavor is the best way to determine when they are ready for harvest.
Size Of The Hole	The size of a hole for Thai Sweet Basil when planting should be 40cm (length) by 40cm (width) by 40cm (height). Prepare the soil by adding organic matter and ensuring good drainage before planting.
Spacing	The ideal spacing for Thai Sweet Basil is 1m between rows and 0.5m within the row, this is to ensure that you cater for good air circulation and leave room for growth of the plant. Note that Thai sweet basil thrives in full sunlight, so choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Irrigation	Establish a Watering Schedule: Water at least 3 times a week during all seasons. Water deeply to saturate the root zone at least twice a week. Deep Watering: When irrigating, apply water slowly and deeply to encourage deep root growth. This helps the plants to access water stored deeper in the soil, making it more resilient to drought. Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or straw or compost, around the base of the plants to help conserve soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce weed competition. Micro-jet irrigation is an excellent choice for the plants because they deliver water directly to the root zone. Water atleast 3 times a week. The best time to water is in the early morning hours before sunrise and in the evenings when the rate of evaporation is very low. You may choose either time for you to water your plants.
Fertilization	Apply comfrey liquid or animal manure such as goat or cow rotten manure.
Health Benefits	Thai sweet basil, like many herbs, offers not only culinary appeal but also potential health benefits due to its nutritional content and various phytochemical compounds. Here are some potential health benefits associated with Thai sweet basil: Rich in Antioxidants: Thai sweet basil contains antioxidants like flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils. These compounds help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress and lowering the risk of chronic diseases. Anti-Inflammatory Properties: The essential oils in Thai sweet basil, such as eugenol, possess anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation and alleviate related symptoms. This can be beneficial for conditions like arthritis. Digestive Aid: Thai sweet basil has been traditionally used to aid digestion. Its aromatic compounds may help stimulate the production of digestive enzymes, promoting better digestion and reducing symptoms like bloating and indigestion. Potential Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects: Some studies suggest that Thai sweet basil extracts may have antibacterial and antiviral properties. These properties may help combat certain infections. Stress Reduction: The aroma of Thai sweet basil, when inhaled, is believed to have a calming effect on the mind and reduce stress and anxiety. It is sometimes used in aromatherapy for this purpose. Vitamin and Mineral Content: Thai sweet basil is a source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin K, vitamin A, calcium, and iron. These nutrients play essential roles in various bodily functions, including bone health, vision, and blood clotting. Blood Sugar Regulation: Some research suggests that compounds in basil, including Thai sweet basil, may help regulate blood sugar levels. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing the condition. Aid in Respiratory Health: Thai sweet basil's aromatic compounds may help relieve symptoms of respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis. In traditional medicine, it has been used to alleviate coughs and congestion. Skin Health: The essential oils in Thai sweet basil can be used topically in skincare products due to their potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. They may help with minor skin irritations and acne. It's important to note that while Thai sweet basil has these potential health benefits, it should not be used as a replacement for medical treatment or prescribed medications. If you have specific health concerns or conditions, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate guidance. Additionally, including a variety of herbs and vegetables in your diet can contribute to overall health and well-being.
Mode of use	Green sweet basil can be used in various ways in cooking to add flavor, aroma, and a touch of freshness to a wide range of dishes. Here are some popular modes of using green sweet basil: Fresh Basil Leaves: Fresh basil leaves are a wonderful addition to salads, sandwiches, and wraps. They add a burst of flavor and color to these dishes. Create a classic Caprese salad by layering fresh basil leaves, ripe tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, olive oil, balsamic vinegar, salt, and pepper. Add whole or torn basil leaves as a garnish to pasta dishes, pizza, and soups. Basil Pesto: Basil pesto is a versatile sauce that can be used in pasta, sandwiches, as a dip, or a drizzle over grilled vegetables. To make it, blend fresh basil leaves with garlic, pine nuts or walnuts, Parmesan cheese, olive oil, and a pinch of salt. Cooked Dishes: Basil can be added to cooked dishes like stir-fries, curries, and sautés. Add it near the end of cooking to preserve its flavor. It pairs exceptionally well with tomatoes, so it's a key ingredient in many tomato-based sauces and dishes. Infused Oil or Vinegar: Make basil-infused olive oil or vinegar by steeping fresh basil leaves in the liquid for a few days. Use these infused liquids for dressings, marinades, or drizzling over dishes. Basil Butter: Mix finely chopped basil leaves into softened butter and use it as a flavorful spread for bread or as a topping for grilled meat or seafood. Basil in Soups and Stews: Fresh basil leaves can be added to soups and stews, such as tomato soup or Thai curry, just before serving to infuse them with a fresh basil aroma. Baking: Basil can be used in baking savory bread, muffins, or scones for a unique flavor twist. Consider combining it with cheese or sun-dried tomatoes for extra flavor. Beverages: Basil can be muddled or torn and added to cocktails, such as mojitos or basil lemonade, for a refreshing herbal twist. You can also make basil-infused water or iced tea by adding fresh basil leaves to cold water or tea. Freezing Basil: To preserve basil for future use, you can freeze it. One method is to blend fresh basil leaves with a bit of olive oil, portion it into ice cube trays, and freeze. You can then pop out basil cubes and use them in cooking. Remember that basil has a delicate flavor, so it's best to add it toward the end of cooking to preserve its aroma and taste. Whether you're making Italian dishes, Asian cuisine, or experimenting with your culinary creations, green sweet basil can be a versatile and flavorful addition to your kitchen repertoire.

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Thai Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora) /(horapha or bai horapa)

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